小儿推拿历史由来与基本原理

The history and basic principles of child massage

小儿推拿

Children's massage

产生于明代末期，具有深刻的学术与历史背景，小儿推拿是推拿学的分支和重要组成部分。中医儿科学在北宋时期，无论理论还是临床都领先于世界、极富特色。

It was born in the late Ming Dynasty and has a profound academic and historical background. Children's massage is a branch and an important part of the science of massage. Chinese medicine pediatrics in the Northern Song Dynasty, both theory and clinical lead the world, very rich characteristics.

随着推拿知识的积累，发现小儿的生理病理现象可以通过在一定穴位或部位上点按与抚触来调节，并归纳出手法在小儿惊风、腹痛、虫证、食积、疳积、伤乳、发烧等治疗方面显示出特殊疗效。

With the accumulation of massage knowledge, it is found that the physiological and pathological phenomena of children can be regulated by pressing and touching on certain acupoints or parts, and it is concluded that manipulation has special effects in the treatment of children's panic, abdominal pain, insect syndrome, food accumulation, chancre, wounded milk, fever and so on.

明代《小儿按摩经》是最早的小儿推拿专著，收录于杨继洲1601年所著的《针灸大成》。提出了小儿推拿“以手代针之术”、“亦分补泻”等观点。对后世影响较大的还有另一本《小儿科推拿仙术》，该书以治法统领手法和穴位，于汗、吐、下三法之后给出具体推拿处方，还记载了“抱肚法”，“诸凡小儿，不拘何病。以手掌心贴儿脐下小腹，往上轻轻托抱之，能令五脏冲和，百病消散”。随着小儿推拿的不断发展，清代《推拿广意》《幼科推拿秘书》《幼科铁镜》等等著作，对后世小儿推拿都有着重大影响。

The Ming Dynasty's "Children's Massage Classic" is the earliest monograph on children's massage, included in Yang Jizhou's 1601 "Acupuncture and Moxibustion Dacheng". The viewpoint of "massage by hand instead of hand" is also put forward. There is another book of pediatric massage immortality which has a great influence on later generations. The book gives specific massage prescriptions after the three methods of sweating, vomiting and descending. It also records the method of holding abdomen and the method of holding abdomen for all children, regardless of disease. With the palm of your hand attached to the lower abdomen, you can gently hold it up, so that the five viscera will be washed away and the disease will dissipate. With the continuous development of children's massage, Qing Dynasty "Massage Guangyi", "Preschool Massage Secretary", "Preschool Iron Mirror" and other works, have a great impact on children's massage later.

小儿的生理特点“脏腑娇嫩，形气未充”说明小儿对外界环境依存性强，哺育与调护极其重要，小儿推拿既能调身又能调神，其防治疾病和治未病的目的非常明确，有助于小儿身心向健康方向发展。“生机勃勃，发育迅速”强调小儿吸收快、代谢快、排泄快、对外界物质与信息接受快、反应快和利用快，因此轻柔的推、摩 、运、揉等就能引发小儿皮肤形变并被其感知，继而引发反应，这是小儿推拿取效的根本原因。

The physiological characteristics of children, such as delicate viscera and insufficient body and qi, show that children are highly dependent on the external environment, and it is very important to nurture and protect them. Children's massage can not only adjust their body but also their mind. Its purpose of preventing and treating diseases is very clear, and it is helpful for children's physical and mental development to a healthy direction. "Vigorous, rapid development" emphasizes that children can absorb quickly, metabolize quickly, excrete quickly, accept external substances and information quickly, respond quickly and use quickly, so gentle push, rub, transport, knead and so on can cause skin deformation in children and be perceived by them, and then trigger reaction, which is the fundamental reason for the effectiveness of children's massage.

小儿推拿的原理

The principle of child massage

小儿推拿是中医外治法的一种，有着悠久的历史，始于汉唐，盛于明清。并不是新兴的学科。它是在经络穴位学说基础上，结合小儿特有的体质特点，形成的有别于成年人的特定穴位和手法操作，集治疗与预防保健为一体的推拿疗法。既然是中医的一个诊疗手段，小儿推拿的治疗也就必然的是遵循中医的辩证论治的思想，通过对特定穴位的适度刺激，通过经络“内属五脏外络肢节”的特性，达到调整阴阳，疏通经络，调和气血的目的，从而达成治病保健的作用。

Infantile massage is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine, which has a long history. It began in Han and Tang Dynasties and flourished in Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is not a new discipline. It is based on the theory of meridian and collateral points, combined with the unique physical characteristics of children, the formation of a special acupuncture point and manipulation different from adults, set treatment and prevention and health care as one of the massage therapy. Since it is a means of diagnosis and treatment of traditional Chinese medicine, the treatment of infantile massage is bound to follow the thought of dialectical treatment of traditional Chinese medicine, through the moderate stimulation of specific acupoints, through the meridian "internal organs and external collaterals and limbs" characteristics, to adjust Yin and yang, dredge channels and collaterals, and harmonize the purpose of Qi and blood, so as to achieve the treatment of disease and health care. Effect.

推拿对宝宝健康的两大好处

Two advantages of massage for baby's health

治疗方面

Treatment

对孩子的呼吸系统、消化系统、神经系统等方面的疾病都有很好的疗效。可以促进疾病康复，减轻西药副作用，减少用药。

It has a good effect on children's respiratory system, digestive system, nervous system and other diseases. It can promote the rehabilitation of the disease, reduce the side effects of Western medicine and reduce the use of drugs.

预防保健方面

Prevention and health care

保护小儿的皮肤、五官、脏腑等组织器官，避免和减少发育中受到的损害。可以促进与增强小儿组织器官功能。可以促进小儿良性发育，对增高、益智都有帮助。

To protect children's skin, organs, viscera and other organs and organs, to avoid and reduce damage in development. It can promote and enhance the function of children's tissues and organs. It can promote the benign development of children, and help increase and improve intelligence.

适合推拿的儿童年龄段

Age appropriate for massage

0-6岁为最佳应用年龄。效果显著，往往立竿见影。

The age of 0-6 is the best age for application. The effect is remarkable, and it often happens instantly.

6-12岁也适用，但随着年龄增大，效果逐渐减弱。此时期作为辅助手段较为合适。

It is also applicable at the age of 6-12, but the effect decreases with age. This period is more suitable as an auxiliary means.

宝宝常见小病，通过推拿缓解

Common minor ailments of babies, relieved by massage

感冒

Cold

中医称外感。由于感受风寒或者风热之邪，导致肺的宣发肃降功能失常，从而出现鼻塞、流涕、喷嚏、咳嗽、咽痛、发烧等一系列症状。通过儿推开天门、推坎宫、运太阳、清肺经、揉外劳、揉大椎、推三关、清天河水等手法治疗可以疏风散寒、解表清热、宣肺止咳。

Chinese medicine called exogenous sense. Because of the feeling of wind-cold or wind-heat evil, leading to the lung of the propaganda and elimination of dysfunction, resulting in nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing, cough, sore throat, fever and a series of symptoms. By pushing open Tianmen, pushing Kangong, transporting the sun, clearing the lung meridian, kneading external labor, kneading Dazhui, pushing Sanguan, Qingtianhe River water and other manipulative treatment can disperse wind and disperse cold, relieve exterior heat, relieve lung and relieve cough.

夜啼

Night crow

由于脾寒、心热、惊骇、积滞而发病。寒则痛，热则烦，惊则神不安，滞则胃不和，从而入夜啼哭不休。通过儿推揉小天心、清肝、补脾、分阴阳、运内八卦等手法治疗可以镇静安神、调理脏腑，平和气血而改善睡眠。

It is caused by spleen cold, heart heat, fear and stagnation. Cold is painful, hot is annoying, frightened is God uneasy, stagnant stomach is not harmonious, from the night crying into endless. It can calm the mind, regulate the zang-fu organs, calm the Qi and blood and improve sleep by massaging Xiaotianxin, clearing the liver, tonifying the spleen, dividing Yin and Yang, and transporting Eight Trigrams.

宝宝的很多小病，都可以通过推拿来环节，比如发烧、鼻炎、咳嗽等等

Many minor ailments of babies can be done through massage, such as fever, rhinitis, cough, etc.

宝宝推拿时哪些应注意事项

What should I pay attention to when baby massage?

1、儿推手法要求轻快、柔和、平稳，手法不宜过重。

1, the child pushing technique requires lightness, softness and stability.

2、每次操作15-30分钟为宜。宝宝情绪平和。体位舒适。

2, 15-30 minutes for each operation. Baby's mood is calm. Comfortable posture.

3、操作环境应通风温暖舒适，不宜过冷或过热。操作者双手宜暖，指甲宜短，除去饰物。

3, the operating environment should be ventilated, warm and comfortable, not cold or overheated. Hands should be warm, nails should be short, and decorations should be removed.

4、操作时宜应用适当的介质来润滑、保护皮肤，增强疗效。

4, appropriate media should be used to lubricate and protect the skin during operation.

宝宝不适宜推拿

Baby is not suitable for massage

有重大疾病的小儿，如心脏病、肿瘤、皮肤感染性疾病以及肌肤破损、烫伤、正在出血的部位等，不宜采用本疗法。情绪不稳、饥饿、饱食时应暂缓操作

Children with major diseases, such as heart disease, tumors, skin infectious diseases and skin damage, scald, bleeding parts, etc., should not use this therapy. Emotional instability, hunger and satiety should be postponed.

小儿推拿的次数、频率要适度，不是越多越好。应根据具体的年龄、症状调整。儿推要持之以恒，不能兴致来了天天做，疲了就三天打鱼两天晒网。一定要相对规律、连续性做

The frequency and frequency of pediatric massage should be moderate, not the more the better. It should be adjusted according to the specific age and symptoms. The child must be persistent. He can't be interested in doing it every day. He is tired of fishing for three days and two days. We must do relative laws and continuity.